The aim of prison and probation interventions is twofold: to ensure security and safety (for the offender(s) in question, staff, other offenders and society at large), and to support offender rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
There are diverse types of offenders, including individuals who have not committed acts of violence and may never do so. Being radical does not necessarily entail violent action. Any response to radicalisation must acknowledge this diversity. We also recognise that effective management of VEOs and those considered at risk of radicalisation calls for multi-agency cooperation. It is crucial that offenders receive continuous support and that information be exchanged between organisations, including prison and probation services, police, and community organisations.
In pursuing the general aims of safety and rehabilitation, at least three key elements should be taken into account.
• A range of activities are now considered terrorism offences, many of which are non-violent and therefore pose a limited risk to society. ‘Lesser risks’ include those associated with fundraising, the intention to travel or possession of material considered extremist. The response to such risks should be proportionate, since disproportionate measures may fuel radicalisation processes.
• With some VEOs receiving short sentences, criminal justice systems have a limited window of opportunity in which to affect the process of change. For this reason, continuity is crucial for individuals leaving prison for the community, and multi-agency cooperation is paramount as needs are assessed. Probation services can also help design alternatives to prison rehabilitation.
• In light of the different types of offenders and the varied associated risks and needs, specialised programmes might be considered, although decision-making should be informed by the contextual and individual circumstances.
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